'A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.' EU ‘Lisbon Strategy’ (2000)
'. . . behaviour that involves voluntarily sacrificing profits, either by incurring additional costs in the course of the company’s production processes, or by making transfers to non-shareholder groups out of the surplus thereby generated, in the belief that such behaviour will have consequences superior to those flowing from a policy of pure profit maximisation.' J E Parkinson (1993)
'. . . the growing perception among enterprises that sustainable business success and shareholder value cannot be achieved solely through maximising short-term profits, but instead through market-oriented yet responsible behaviour.' EU communiqué (2002)